WASHINGTON, Oct. 12 (TNSres) -- The U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey Volcano Science Center issued the following report (No. 2024-5062) on Oct. 4, 2024, entitled "Special Topic--Boreholes". The report was written by Shaul Hurwitz and Jacob B. Lowenstern. * * * Introduction Installation of instrument packages in deep (several hundred to several thousand meters) boreholes near volcanoes is relatively expensive (a few million to tens of millions of U.S. dollars), but can provide  more

WASHINGTON, Oct. 12 (TNSres) -- The U.S. Department of the Interior Geological Survey Volcano Science Center issued the following report (No. 2024-5062) on Oct. 4, 2024, entitled "Streams, Springs, and Volcanic Lakes for Volcano Monitoring". The report was written by Steven E. Ingebritsen and Shaul Hurwitz. * * * Introduction Volcanic unrest can trigger appreciable change to surface waters such as streams, springs, and volcanic lakes. Magma degassing produces gases and soluble salts that are   more